Can Liver Detox Cause Weight Loss. F77517C00000578-3336722-image-m-66_1450370823307.jpg' alt='Can Crack Cause Liver Damage' title='Can Crack Cause Liver Damage' />Drugs and alcohol can significantly harm the liver and cause druginduced liver injury and liver disease. Learn the signs and symptoms. I wake up in the morning and often have very bad stomach pains. I usually have to rush to the bathroom a few times. Its not only just the morning. Crack cocaine Wikipedia. Two grams of crack cocaine. Crack cocaine, also known simply as crack, is a free base form of cocaine that can be smoked. Crack offers a short but intense high to smokers. The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most addictive effective form of cocaine. Crack cocaine is commonly used as a recreational drug. Crack first saw widespread use in primarily impoverishedinner city neighborhoods in New York, Los Angeles, and Miami in late 1. Physical and chemical properties. In purer forms, crack rocks appear as off white nuggets with jagged edges,3 with a slightly higher density than candle wax. Purer forms of crack resemble a hard brittle plastic, in crystalline form3 snaps when broken. Carport Pro Crack. A crack rock acts as a local anesthetic see cocaine, numbing the tongue or mouth only where directly placed. Purer forms of crack will sink in water or melt at the edges when near a flame crack vaporizes at 9. C, 1. 94 F. 1Crack cocaine as sold on the streets may be adulterated or cut with other substances mimicking the appearance of crack cocaine to increase bulk. Use of toxic adulterants such as levamisole4 has been documented. Synthesis. In order for cocaine in plastic bag at bottom to be converted to crack, several supplies are needed. Pictured here are baking soda, a commonly used base in making crack, a metal spoon, a tealight, and a cigarette lighter. The spoon is held over the heat source in order to cook the cocaine into crack. A close up of the cooking process that creates crack. Sodium bicarbonate Na. HCO3, common baking soda is a base used in preparation of crack, although other weak bases may substitute for it. The net reaction when using sodium bicarbonate is. Coc HCl Na. HCO3 Coc H2. O CO2 Na. Cl. With Ammonium bicarbonate Coc HCl NH4. HCO3 Coc NH4. Cl CO2 H2. OWith Ammonium carbonate 2Coc HCl NH42. CO3 2 Coc 2 NH4. Cl CO2 H2. OCrack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form,3 although it is not uncommon for some users to wash up or cook powder cocaine into crack themselves. This process is frequently done with baking soda sodium bicarbonate, water, and a spoon. Once mixed and heated, the bicarbonate reacts with the hydrochloride of the powder cocaine, forming free base cocaine and carbonic acid H2. CO3 in a reversible acid base reaction. The heating accelerates the degradation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide CO2 and water. Loss of CO2 prevents the reaction from reversing back to cocaine hydrochloride. Free base cocaine separates as an oily layer, floating on the top of the now leftover aqueous phase. It is at this point that the oil is picked up rapidly, usually with a pin or long thin object. This pulls the oil up and spins it, allowing air to set and dry the oil, and allows the maker to roll the oil into the rock like shape. Crack vaporizes near temperature 9. C 1. 94 F,1 much lower than the cocaine hydrochloride melting point of 1. C 3. 74 F. 1 Whereas cocaine hydrochloride cannot be smoked burns with no effect,1crack cocaine when smoked allows for quick absorption into the blood stream, and reaches the brain in 8 seconds. Crack cocaine can also be injected intravenously with the same effect as powder cocaine. However, whereas powder cocaine dissolves in water, crack must be dissolved in an acidic solution such as lemon juice or white vinegar, a process that effectively reverses the original conversion of powder cocaine to crack. Recreational use. A woman smoking crack cocaine. Crack cocaine is commonly used as a recreational drug. Effects of crack cocaine include euphoria,6 supreme confidence,7 loss of appetite,6 insomnia,6 alertness,6 increased energy,6 a craving for more cocaine,7 and potential paranoia ending after use. Its initial effect is to release a large amount of dopamine,3 a brain chemical inducing feelings of euphoria. The high usually lasts from 51. When powder cocaine is dissolved and injected, the absorption into the bloodstream is at least as rapid as the absorption of the drug which occurs when crack cocaine is smoked,6 and similar euphoria may be experienced. Adverse effects. Because crack is an illicit drug, users may consume impure or fake bunk drug,5 which may pose additional health risks. Physiological. Main physiological effects of crack cocaine. The short term physiological effects of cocaine include6 constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Some users of cocaine report feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety. In rare instances, sudden death can occur on the first use of cocaine or unexpectedly thereafter. Cocaine related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Like other forms of cocaine, smoking crack can increase heart rate9 and blood pressure, leading to long term cardiovascular problems. Some research suggests that smoking crack or freebase cocaine has additional health risks compared to other methods of taking cocaine. Many of these issues relate specifically to the release of methylecgonidine and its effect on the heart,9 lungs,1. Toxic adulterants Many substances may have been added in order to expand the weight and volume of a batch, while still appearing to be pure crack. Occasionally, highly toxic substances are used, with a range of corresponding short and long term health risks. Adulturants used with crack and cocaine include milk powder, sugars such as glucose, starch, caffeine, lidocaine, benzocaine, paracetamol, amphetamine, scopolamine and strychnine. Smoking problems Any route of administration poses its own set of health risks in the case of crack cocaine, smoking tends to be more harmful than other routes. Crack users tend to smoke the drug because that has a higher bioavailability than other routes typically used for drugs of abuse such as insufflation. Crack has a melting point of around 9. C1. 94 F,1 and the smoke does not remain potent for long. Therefore, crack pipes are generally very short, to minimize the time between evaporating and ingestion thereby minimizing loss of potency. Having a very hot pipe pressed against the lips often causes cracked and blistered lips, colloquially known as crack lip. The use of convenience store crack pipes1. These 4 inch 1. The hot pipe might burn the lips, tongue, or fingers, especially when passed between people who take hits in rapid succession, causing the short pipe to reach higher temperatures than if used by one person alone. Pure or large doses Because the quality of crack can vary greatly, some people might smoke larger amounts of diluted crack, unaware that a similar amount of a new batch of purer crack could cause an overdose. This can trigger heart problems or cause unconsciousness. Pathogens on pipes When pipes are shared, bacteria or viruses can be transferred from person to person. Crack lung. In crack users, acute respiratory symptoms have been reported, sometimes termed crack lung. Symptoms include fever, hemoptysis and difficulty breathing. In the 4. 8 hour period after use, people with these symptoms have also had associated radiographic findings on chest xray of pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and eosinophil infiltration.